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Fungi (singular: fungus) are a diverse group of microorganisms that belong to their own biological kingdom. They are distinct from plants, animals, and bacteria. Fungi can take various forms, including mushrooms, molds, and yeasts. Some key characteristics of fungi include:
1. Eukaryotic Cells: Fungi are made up of complex cells with a defined nucleus and organelles.
2. Heterotrophic: Fungi are heterotrophic, meaning they obtain nutrients by absorbing organic material from their environment. They are often decomposers, breaking down dead organic matter.
3. Chitin Cell Walls: Unlike plants, which have cell walls made of cellulose, fungi have cell walls primarily composed of a complex sugar called chitin.
4. Reproduction: Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually, depending on the species.
5. Ecological Importance: Fungi play a vital role in ecosystems by decomposing organic matter, forming mutualistic relationships with plants (mycorrhizae), and causing diseases in some cases.
Fungi have a wide range of applications, from being a source of food (e.g., mushrooms and yeast for baking and brewing) to producing antibiotics and contributing to scientific research.
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