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A food chain is a hierarchical sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another. In a food chain, each organism occupies a different trophic level defined by how it obtains nutrients and energy. Producers are at the bottom of the food chain and are consumed by herbivores, which are in turn consumed by carnivores, and so on. At each trophic level, there is a transfer of energy and nutrients, and as a result, energy is lost to the environment as heat. Food chains are an important concept in ecology and can be used to model the flow of energy and materials through an ecosystem.
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