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RNA processing is the series of chemical reactions that modify the primary transcript of RNA (ribonucleic acid) into a mature form that can be translated into a protein by the ribosome. This process includes a variety of modifications such as capping, splicing, and polyadenylation. Capping occurs at the 5′ end of the transcript and helps to protect the RNA from degradation and also plays a role in translation initiation. Splicing involves the removal of introns and the joining of exons, which results in the formation of a mature mRNA molecule. Polyadenylation occurs at the 3′ end of the transcript and adds a string of adenine nucleotides, which helps with the stability of the mRNA and also plays a role in the regulation of gene expression. Overall, RNA processing is an important step in the generation of functional proteins from gene transcripts.