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Sublimation and deposition are two processes of phase change involving the conversion of matter between solid and gas states, but they differ in their directionality.
Sublimation is the process by which a solid substance transforms directly into a gas, without going through the intermediate liquid state. This occurs when the vapor pressure of the solid exceeds the atmospheric pressure. An example of sublimation is the transformation of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) into a gas.
Deposition, on the other hand, is the reverse process of sublimation, in which a gas transforms directly into a solid, without going through the intermediate liquid state. This occurs when the temperature of the gas is lowered below its sublimation point. An example of deposition is the formation of frost on a cold surface, when water vapor in the air comes into contact with the surface and condenses into ice.
In summary, sublimation is the process of transitioning from a solid to a gas, while deposition is the process of transitioning from a gas to a solid.
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